Dmytriiev K; Division of Pulmonary Medicine,  Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada.
Stickland MK; Weatherald J;

Heart failure clinics [Heart Fail Clin] 2025 Jan; Vol. 21 (1), pp. 51-61. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 15.

Heart failure clinics [Heart Fail Clin] 2025 Jan; Vol. 21 (1), pp. 51-61.
Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 15.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive pulmonary vascular disease that has a high impact on patients’ quality of life, morbidity and mortality. PAH is characterized by extensive pulmonary vascular remodeling that results in an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular afterload, and can lead to right heart failure. Patients with PAH exhibit inefficient ventilation, high dead space ventilation, dynamic hyperinflation, and ventricular-arterial uncoupling, which can contribute to high dyspnea and low exercise tolerance. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing can help to diagnose PAH, define prognosis and treatment response in PAH, as well as discriminate between different pulmonary vascular diseases.
Competing Interests: Disclosure K. Dmytriiev has nothing to disclose; M.K. Stickland has nothing to disclose, J. Weatherald has received grants or contracts to his institution from Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Janssen, Sanofi, and Merck; consulting fees from Janssen and Merck; honoraria from Janssen and Merck; advisory board payments from Janssen and Merck, payment for expert testimony from Sprigings Intellectual Property Law; travel support from Janssen; participation on Data Safety and Monitoring Board for the Université de Laval; and has unpaid leadership role at the Pulmonary Hypertension Association of Canada.