Mapelli M; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Mattavelli I; Salvioni E; Capra N; Mantegazza V; Garlaschè A; Campodonico J; Rubbo FM; Paganin C; Capovilla TM; Nepitella AA; Caputo R; Gugliandolo P; Vignati C; Pezzuto B; De Martino F; Grilli G; Scatigna M;Bonomi A; Sinagra G; Muratori M; Agostoni P;
Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine [Front Cardiovasc Med] 2025 Mar 17; Vol. 12, pp. 1542870.
Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Mar 17 (Print Publication: 2025).
Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) are standard therapy for heart failure (HF). We performed a holistic evaluation of dapagliflozin, including its effects on exercise performance, left ventricle (LV) reverse remodeling, cardiac biomarkers, fluid retention, and renal and pulmonary function.
Methods: We enrolled HF reduced ejection fraction (LVEF) outpatients (EF <40%) eligible for SGLT2-i and performed cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET), pulmonary function tests, bioelectrical impedance vector analysis, and laboratory and echocardiographic assessments at baseline ( T = 0), after 2-4 weeks (T1), and after 6 months of treatment (T2).
Results: None of the patients interrupted SGLT2-i for adverse events albeit follow-up was completed by 67 of 75 enrolled patients. At T2, mean LVEF increased (from 34.6 ± 7.8 to 37.5 ± 9.2%; p < 0.001) while end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV) volumes decreased [EDV: 186 (145-232) vs. 177 (129-225) mL, ESV: 113 (87-163) vs. 110 (76-145) mL; p < 0.001]. Peak oxygen intake was unchanged [peakVO 2 : 16.2 (13.4-18.7) vs. 16.0 (13.3-18.9) mL/kg/min; p = 0.297], while exercise ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO 2 slope) improved [from 34.2 (31.1-39.2) to 33.7 (30.2-37.6); p = 0.006]. Mean hemoglobin increased (from 13.8 ± 1.5 to 14.6 ± 1.7 g/dL; p < 0.001), while renal function did not change after a transient worsening at T1. NT-proBNP, ST-2, and hs-TNI did not change as overall body fluids and quality of life assessed by KCCQ. NYHA class improved ( p =0.002), paralleled by a decrease of MECKI (Metabolic Exercise test data combined with Cardiac and Kidney Indexes) score, from 3.3% (1.9-8.0) to 2.8% (1.2-5.7), suggestive of a positive impact on 2 years prognosis ( p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Dapagliflozin induced positive LV remodeling, improvement of exercise ventilatory efficiency, and NYHA class but without peakVO 2 fluid status and cardiac biomarkers changes.