Ferguson C; The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA.
Furrer R; Murach KA; Hepple RT; Rossiter HB;

Medicine and science in sports and exercise [Med Sci Sports Exerc] 2025 Jun 23.
Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 23.

Abstract: Introduction. Peak neuromuscular power and endurance are distinct qualities of dynamic exercise performance. Dynamometry is used to assess peak neuromuscular power, often during performance across a single joint e.g., isotonic or isokinetic torque, while aptitude for endurance exercise may be inferred by measurement of critical power/speed or cardiopulmonary exercise testing to determine e.g., gas exchange threshold (GET), maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and exercise economy. Specificity is a critical component of any training program, but oversimplification of the specificity principle has contributed to the view that training adaptations to increase peak neuromuscular power or the ability to endure high power outputs are mutually exclusive, due to: (i) differences in the types of motor units recruited and their patterns of activation; and (ii) induction of distinct, antagonistic molecular signaling pathways in response to resistance and endurance exercise training (the “interference effect”).
Methods, Results and Conclusion. This review explores evidence for reciprocation between peak neuromuscular power and endurance performance in sport, aging and among general and clinical populations. We also review the molecular events that mediate peak neuromuscular power and endurance training adaptations and their interactions. Finally, we describe the musculo-cardio-pulmonary exercise test (mCPET) to demonstrate that peak neuromuscular power and aerobic mediators of endurance performance are less polar opposites and more willing partners.
Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest and Funding Source: Carrie Ferguson is supported by a grant from NIH (R01HL166850; 5UH3HL155798). She is involved in contracted clinical research with United Therapeutics, Genentech, Regeneron, Respira Therapeutics and Mezzion. She reports consulting fees from Respira Therapeutics. Kevin Murach is supported by NIH R00 AG063994 and R01 AG080047. Russell Hepple is supported by grants from NIH (R21AR084591, R01AG059416, and R01AG076490). Harry Rossiter is supported by grants from NIH (R01HL151452, R01HL166850, R01HL153460, P50HD098593, R01DK122767), Tobacco Related Disease Research Program (T31IP1666) and Department of Defense / USAMRAA (HT9425-24-1-0249). He reports consulting fees from the NIH RECOVER-ENERGIZE working group (1OT2HL156812), and is involved in contracted clinical research with Astellas, GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech, Intervene Immune, Mezzion, Regeneron, Respira, Roche, and United Therapeutics.